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In 1958, Pierre Schaeffer, with Francois Bayle, Luc Ferrari, Iannis Xenakis, and others, organized the Groupe de Recherches Musicales (GRM).
In 1966, François Bayle was appointed director. By the mid-1970s, GRM had expanded its studio to include a computer. Benedict Maillard developed the so-called 123 Programs, a collection of sound-processing software, and Jean-François Allouis designed the SYTER (SYsteme TEmps Reel / Realtime System). Hugues Vinet developed the first version of GRM Tools as a group of sound-processing programs, thereby making GRM technology available to any composer.
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The photo at the left shows members of the GRM group in 1964. Left to right: Ivo Malec, François Bayle, Luc Ferrari, Bernard Parmegiani, Egardo Canton. Photo: Ina-GRM. Courtesy Ina-GRM.
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