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In 1913, Luigi Russolo, avowed Futurist, wrote L'Arte dei Rumori (The Art of Noises), a manifesto declaring that noise would revolutionize the concert hall. He said, "All this will naturally make music-lovers scream ..."
He then built the Intonarumori (noise-generating instruments). On April 24, 1914, at the Teatro Dal Verme in Milan, he conducted the first 'Gran Concerto Futuristica' with formally dressed musicians playing gurglers, cracklers, howlers, thunderers ... The audience responded by throwing vegetables, booing, hooting and whistling.
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The photo at the left shows Luigi Russolo, Filippo Marinetti, Ugo Piatti, 1913.
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